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Title: An anthology of German literature

Author: Calvin Thomas

Release Date: April 13, 2007 [EBook #21053]

Language: German

Character set encoding: UTF-8

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Heath’s Modern Language Series


AN ANTHOLOGY

OF

GERMAN LITERATURE

BY
CALVIN THOMAS, LL. D.
Late Professor in Columbia University

 
 

D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS
BOSTON   NEW YORK   CHICAGO

 
 

Copyright, 1906 and 1909,
By D. C. Heath & Co
419

 

Printed in U.S.A.

 
 

iii

PREFACE

This book is designed to accompany an introductory study of the history of German literature. It is assumed that the history itself will be learned, so far as necessary, either from lectures or from some other book devoted to the subject. As the selections were made, for the most part, while I was writing my own short history of German literature for the series published under the general editorship of Mr. Edmund Gosse and known as “Literatures of the World,” it was natural that the Anthology should take on, to some extent, the character of a companion book to the History. At the same time I did not desire that either book should necessarily involve the use of the other. Hence the absence of cross references; and hence also, in the Anthology, the brief introductory notes, giving important dates and summary characterizations. These are meant to enable the student to read the selections intelligently without constant recourse to some other book.

In preparing Part First, I have had in mind the student who has learned to read the language of Goethe and Schiller with some facility, and would like to know something of the earlier periods, but has not studied, and may not care to study, Old and Middle German. On this account the selections are given in modern German translations. The original texts are omitted because space was very precious, and because the book was intended as an aid to literary rather than linguistic study. In making the selections, my first principle was to give a good deal of the best rather than a little of everything. I wished to make friends for medieval German poetry, and it seemed to me that this could best be done by showing it in its strength and its beauty. So I have ignored much that might have had a historical or linguistic iv interest for the scholar, and have steadily applied the criterion of literary worth.

My second principle was to give preference to that which is truly German, in contradistinction from that which is Latin, or European, or merely Christian. The Latinists of every epoch are in general disregarded, as not being of German literature in the strict sense; yet I have devoted eight pages to Waltharius and three to Rudlieb, on the ground that the matter of these poems is essentially German, albeit their form is Latin. On the other hand, Hrotswith is not represented at all, because, while an interesting personage in her way, she belongs to German literature neither by her form nor by her matter. The religious poetry of the twelfth century receives rather scant attention, partly because it is mostly pretty poor stuff—there is not much else like the beautiful Arnstein hymn to the Virgin, No. XIII—and partly because it embodies ideas and feelings that belonged to medieval Christianity everywhere.

For each selection I have given the best translation that I could find, and where nothing satisfactory could be found in print I have made a translation myself. Where nothing is said as to the authorship of a translation, it is to be understood as my own. In this part of my work I have tried to preserve the form and savor of the originals, and at the same time to keep as close to the exact sense as the constraints of rime and meter would allow. In Nos. XI to XVII a somewhat perplexing problem was presented. The originals frequently have assonance instead of rime and the verse is sometimes crude in other ways. An attempt to imitate the assonances and crudities in modern German would simply have given the effect of bad verse-making. On the other hand, to translate into smooth tetrameters, with perfect rime everywhere, would have given an illusory appearance of regularity and have made the translation zu schön. (I fear that No. VII, the selections from Otfried, for the translation of which I am not responsible, is open to this charge.) So I adopted the expedient of a line-for-line prose version, dropping into rime only where the modern equivalent of the Middle German took the form of rime naturally. After regular rime becomes established—with Heinrich von Veldeke—I have employed it in all my translations. For my shortcomings as a German versifier I hope to be regarded with a measure of indulgence. The question of inclusion or exclusion could not be made to turn on the v preëxistence of a good translation, because too much that is important and interesting would have had to be omitted. I should have been glad to take the advice of Mephisto,

Associiert euch mit einem Poeten,

but I was unable to effect a partnership of that kind.

Beginning with No. XL, the selections are given in their original form without modernization. While Part Second, no less than Part First, looks to literary rather than linguistic study, it seemed to me very desirable that the selections from writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries should represent the literary language of that time. By modernizing I could have dispensed with many a footnote and have made the texts somewhat easier to read; but that gain would have entailed a very unfortunate loss of savor, and have deprived the selections of all incidental value as Sprachproben. On the other hand, I could see no advantage in a scrupulous reproduction of careless punctuation, mere mistakes, or meaningless peculiarities of spelling. As there is no logical stopping-place when an editor once begins to retouch a text, I finally decided to follow, in each selection, either a trustworthy reprint or else a good critical edition, without attempting to harmonize the different editors or to apply any general rules of my own. The reader is thus assured of a fairly authentic text, though he will find inconsistencies of spelling due to the idiosyncrasy of editors. Thus one editor may preserve vnd or vnnd, while another prints und; one may have itzt, another jtzt, and so on.

Finally, I desire to call attention here to the fact that, while a few selections from Lessing, Goethe, and Schiller are given, by way of illustrating their early work in its relation to the literary renascence, no attempt is made to deal adequately with the classical literature of the eighteenth century. The book extends to the classics. I must admit that the limit thus set is a little vague, and from a theoretical point of view not quite satisfactory; but practical considerations decided in favor of it. To have done justice to the classics, on the scale adopted for the rest of the book, would have required an additional hundred pages, devoted to long extracts from works which, for the most part, have been carefully edited for American students, are commonly read in schools and colleges, and could be presumed to be familiar to most users of the Anthology. As the additional matter vi would thus have been largely useless, it seemed to me that the ideal gain in symmetry would be more than offset by the increased bulk and cost of the book, which was already large enough. I hold of course that anthologies have their use in the study of literary history; but it would be a mistake, in my judgment, for any student to take up a volume of selections without having first read the more important works of Lessing, Goethe, and Schiller.

CALVIN THOMAS.

Columbia University.

 
 

vii

Parts I and II are in separate and independent files. If you choose not to download both, make sure your download does include the file whose name ends in .css.

CONTENTS OF PART FIRST
Part I
PAGE
I.

The Lay of Hildebrand

3
II.

The Merseburg Charms

5
III.

The Wessobrunn Prayer

6
IV.

The Muspilli

7
V.

The Heliand

8
VI.

The Old Saxon Genesis

13
VII.

Otfried’s Book of the Gospels

15
VIII.

The Lay of Ludwig

22
IX.

Waltharius Manu Fortis

24
X.

Rudlieb

32
XI.

Ezzo’s Lay of the Miracles of Christ

35
XII.

Heinrich von Melk

36
XIII.

The Arnstein Hymn to the Virgin

38
XIV.

Lamprecht’s Lay of Alexander

41
XV.

Konrad’s Lay of Roland

45
XVI.

King Rother

50
XVII.

Duke Ernst

54
XVIII.

The Lay of the Nibelungs

58
XIX.

Gudrun

73
XX.

The Earlier Minnesingers

83
XXI.

Walter von der Vogelweide

88
XXII.

Heinrich von Veldeke’s Eneid

96
XXIII.

Hartmann von Aue

100
XXIV.

Wolfram von Eschenbach

110
XXV.

Gottfried von Strassburg

119
XXVI.

Konrad von Würzburg

128
XXVII.

Later Minnesingers

132
XXVIII.

Poems of the Dietrich-Saga

139
XXIX.

Meyer Helmbrecht

148
XXX.

Thomasin of Zirclaere

154
viii XXXI.

Der Stricker

157
XXXII.

Freidank

160
XXXIII.

Play of the Ten Virgins

162
XXXIV.

Easter Plays

164
XXXV.

Reynard the Fox

171
XXXVI.

Peter Suchenwirt

177
XXXVII.

Brant’s Ship of Fools

179
XXXVIII.

Folk-songs of the Fifteenth Century

182
XXXIX.

Late Medieval Religious Prose

189
CONTENTS OF PART SECOND
Part II
XL.

Martin Luther

201
XLI.

Ulrich von Hütten

206
XLII.

Thomas Murner

209
XLIII.

The Reformation Drama

211
XLIV.

Hans Sachs

221
XLV.

Folk-Songs of the Sixteenth Century

230
XLVI.

The Chapbooks

233
XLVII.

Johann Fischart

239
XLVIII.

Jakob Ayrer

242
XLIX.

Georg Rodolf Weckherlin

246
L.

Martin Opitz

248
LI.

Paul Fleming

253
LII.

Friedrich von Logau

255
LIII.

Andreas Gryphius

259
LIV.

Simon Dach

266
LV.

Paul Gerhardt

271
LVI.

Friedrich Spe

273
LVII.

Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau

277
LVIII.

Daniel Casper von Lohenstein

280
LIX.

Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen

283
LX.

Benjamin Neukirch

286
LXI.

Johann Christian Günther

289
LXII.

Barthold Heinrich Brockes

294
LXIII.

Johann Christoph Gottsched

297
ix LXIV.

Johann Jakob Bodmer

301
LXV.

Albrecht Haller

305
LXVI.

Ewald von Kleist

310
LXVII.

Friedrich von Hagedorn

314
LXVIII.

Christian Fürchtegott Gellert

319
LXIX.

Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim

323
LXX.

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock

326
LXXI.

Christoph Martin Wieland

334
LXXII.

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

342
LXXIII.

Johann Gottfried Herder

352
LXXIV.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

360
LXXV.

Minor Dramatists of the Storm and Stress Era

371
LXXVI.

The Göttingen Poetic Alliance

381
LXXVII.

Gottfried August Bürger

386
LXXVIII.

Friedrich Schiller

392





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