/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 *   SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */

// Package
///////////////
package org.apache.jena.ontology;




// Imports
///////////////
import org.apache.jena.rdf.model.* ;
import org.apache.jena.util.iterator.ExtendedIterator ;


/**
 * <p>
 * Interface that represents an ontology node characterising a class description.
 * </p>
 */
public interface OntClass
    extends OntResource
{
    // Constants
    //////////////////////////////////


    // External signature methods
    //////////////////////////////////

    // Enumerated class constructor

    // subClassOf

    /**
     * <p>Assert that this class is sub-class of the given class. Any existing
     * statements for <code>subClassOf</code> will be removed.</p>
     * @param cls The class that this class is a sub-class of
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void setSuperClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Add a super-class of this class.</p>
     * @param cls A class that is a super-class of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void addSuperClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a class that is the super-class of this class. If there is
     * more than one such class, an arbitrary selection is made. If there
     * is no such super-class, return null.</p>
     * @return A super-class of this class or null
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()}
     * property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public OntClass getSuperClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over all of the classes that are super-classes of
     * this class. Each element of the iterator will be an {@link OntClass}.</p>
     * @return An iterator over the super-classes of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntClass> listSuperClasses();

    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over all of the classes that are super-classes of
     * this class. Each element of the iterator will be an {@link OntClass}.
     * See {@link #listSubClasses( boolean )} for a full explanation of the <em>direct</em>
     * parameter.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param direct If true, only answer the directly adjacent classes in the
     * super-class relation: i&#046;e&#046; eliminate any class for which there is a longer route
     * to reach that child under the super-class relation.
     * @return an iterator over the resources representing this class's sub-classes.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntClass> listSuperClasses( boolean direct );

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if the given class is a super-class of this class.</p>
     * @param cls A class to test.
     * @return True if the given class is a super-class of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasSuperClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class has any super-class in the model. Note that
     * when using a reasoner, all OWL classes have owl:Thing as a super-class.</p>
     * @return True if this class has any known super-class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasSuperClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if the given class is a super-class of this class.
     * See {@link #listSubClasses( boolean )} for a full explanation of the <em>direct</em>
     * parameter.
     * </p>
     * @param cls A class to test.
     * @param direct If true, only search the classes that are directly adjacent to this
     * class in the class hierarchy.
     * @return True if the given class is a super-class of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasSuperClass( Resource cls, boolean direct );

    /**
     * <p>Remove the given class from the super-classes of this class.  If this statement
     * is not true of the current model, nothing happens.</p>
     * @param cls A class to be removed from the super-classes of this class
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} class is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void removeSuperClass( Resource cls);


    /**
     * <p>Assert that this class is super-class of the given class. Any existing
     * statements for <code>subClassOf</code> on <code>prop</code> will be removed.</p>
     * @param cls The class that is a sub-class of this class
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void setSubClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Add a sub-class of this class.</p>
     * @param cls A class that is a sub-class of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void addSubClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a class that is the sub-class of this class. If there is
     * more than one such class, an arbitrary selection is made. If
     * there is no such class, return null.</p>
     * @return A sub-class of this class or null
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()}
     * property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public OntClass getSubClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over all of the classes that are declared to be sub-classes of
     * this class. Each element of the iterator will be an {@link OntClass}.</p>
     * @return An iterator over the sub-classes of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntClass> listSubClasses();

    /**
     * <p>
     * Answer an iterator over the classes that are declared to be sub-classes of
     * this class. Each element of the iterator will be an {@link OntClass}. The
     * distinguishing extra parameter for this method is the flag <code>direct</code>
     * that allows some selectivity over the classes that appear in the iterator.
     * Consider the following scenario:
     * <pre>
     *   :B rdfs:subClassOf :A.
     *   :C rdfs:subClassOf :A.
     *   :D rdfs:subClassof :C.
     * </pre>
     * (so A has two sub-classes, B and C, and C has sub-class D).  In a raw model, with
     * no inference support, listing the sub-classes of A will answer B and C.  In an
     * inferencing model, <code>rdfs:subClassOf</code> is known to be transitive, so
     * the sub-classes iterator will include D.  The <code>direct</code> sub-classes
     * are those members of the closure of the subClassOf relation, restricted to classes that
     * cannot be reached by a longer route, i.e. the ones that are <em>directly</em> adjacent
     * to the given root.  Thus, the direct sub-classes of A are B and C only, and not D -
     * even in an inferencing graph.  Note that this is not the same as the entailments
     * from the raw graph. Suppose we add to this example:
     * <pre>
     *   :D rdfs:subClassof :A.
     * </pre>
     * Now, in the raw graph, A has sub-class C.  But the direct sub-classes of A remain
     * B and C, since there is a longer path A-C-D that means that D is not a direct sub-class
     * of A.  The assertion in the raw graph that A has sub-class D is essentially redundant,
     * since this can be inferred from the closure of the graph.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> This is a change from the behaviour of Jena 1, which took a
     * parameter <code>closed</code> to compute the closure over transitivity and equivalence
     * of sub-classes.  The closure capability in Jena2 is determined by the inference engine
     * that is wrapped with the ontology model.  The direct parameter is provided to allow,
     * for example, a level-by-level traversal of the class hierarchy, starting at some given
     * root. Observe that in Jena 1, passing <code>true</code> will tend to increase the number of
     * results returned; in Jena 2 passing <code>true</code> will tend to reduce the number
     * of results.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param direct If true, only answer the directly adjacent classes in the
     * sub-class relation: i&#046;e&#046; eliminate any class for which there is a longer route
     * to reach that child under the sub-class relation.
     * @return an iterator over the resources representing this class's sub-classes
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntClass> listSubClasses( boolean direct );

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if the given class is a sub-class of this class.</p>
     * @param cls A class to test.
     * @return True if the given class is a sub-class of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasSubClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class has any sub-class in the model. Note that
     * when using a reasoner, all OWL classes have owl:Nothing as a sub-class.</p>
     * @return True if this class has any known sub-class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasSubClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if the given class is a sub-class of this class.
     * See {@link #listSubClasses( boolean )} for a full explanation of the <em>direct</em>
     * parameter.
     * </p>
     * @param cls A class to test.
     * @param direct If true, only search the classes that are directly adjacent to this
     * class in the class hierarchy.
     * @return True if the given class is a sub-class of this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasSubClass( Resource cls, boolean direct );

    /**
     * <p>Remove the given class from the sub-classes of this class.  If this statement
     * is not true of the current model, nothing happens.</p>
     * @param cls A class to be removed from the sub-classes of this class
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#SUB_CLASS_OF()} class is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void removeSubClass( Resource cls );


    // equivalentClass

    /**
     * <p>Assert that the given class is equivalent to this class. Any existing
     * statements for <code>equivalentClass</code> will be removed.</p>
     * @param cls The class that this class is a equivalent to.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#EQUIVALENT_CLASS()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void setEquivalentClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Add a class that is equivalent to this class.</p>
     * @param cls A class that is equivalent to this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#EQUIVALENT_CLASS()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void addEquivalentClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a class that is equivalent to this class. If there is
     * more than one such class, an arbitrary selection is made.
     * See {@link #listEquivalentClasses()} for a note on equivalent classes
     * when using a reasoner.
     * </p>
     * @return A class equivalent to this class
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#EQUIVALENT_CLASS()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public OntClass getEquivalentClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over all of the classes that are known to be equivalent to
     * this class. Equivalence may be asserted in the model (using, for example,
     * <code>owl:equivalentClass</code>, or may be inferred by the reasoner attached to the
     * model. <strong>Note</strong> that the OWL semantics entails that every class is
     * equivalent to itself, so when using a reasoning model clients should expect that
     * this class will appear as a member of its own equivalent classes.</p><p>
     * Each element of the returned iterator will be an {@link OntClass}.</p>
     * @return An iterator over the classes equivalent to this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#EQUIVALENT_CLASS()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntClass> listEquivalentClasses();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if the given class is equivalent to this class.</p>
     * @param cls A class to test for
     * @return True if the given property is equivalent to this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#EQUIVALENT_CLASS()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean hasEquivalentClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Remove the statement that this class and the given class are
     * equivalent.  If this statement
     * is not true of the current model, nothing happens.</p>
     * @param cls A class that may be declared to be equivalent to this class, and which is no longer equivalent
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#EQUIVALENT_CLASS()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void removeEquivalentClass( Resource cls );


    // disjointWith

    /**
     * <p>Assert that this class is disjoint with the given class. Any existing
     * statements for <code>disjointWith</code> will be removed.</p>
     * @param cls The property that this class is disjoint with.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#DISJOINT_WITH()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void setDisjointWith( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Add a class that this class is disjoint with.</p>
     * @param cls A class that has no instances in common with this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#DISJOINT_WITH()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void addDisjointWith( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a class with which this class is disjoint. If there is
     * more than one such class, an arbitrary selection is made.</p>
     * @return A class disjoint with this class
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#DISJOINT_WITH()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public OntClass getDisjointWith();

    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over all of the classes that this class is declared to be disjoint with.
     * Each element of the iterator will be an {@link OntClass}.</p>
     * @return An iterator over the classes disjoint with this class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#DISJOINT_WITH()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntClass> listDisjointWith();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is disjoint with the given class.</p>
     * @param cls A class to test
     * @return True if the this class is disjoint with the the given class.
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#DISJOINT_WITH()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public boolean isDisjointWith( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Remove the statement that this class and the given class are
     * disjoint.  If this statement
     * is not true of the current model, nothing happens.</p>
     * @param cls A class that may be declared to be disjoint with this class, and which is no longer disjoint
     * @exception ProfileException If the {@link Profile#DISJOINT_WITH()} property is not supported in the current language profile.
     */
    public void removeDisjointWith( Resource cls );


    // other utility methods

    /**
     * Equivalent to calling {@link #listDeclaredProperties(boolean)} with
     * default value <code>direct = false</code>.
     *
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntProperty> listDeclaredProperties();


    /**
     * <p>Return an iterator over the properties associated with a frame-like
     * view of this class. This captures an intuitive notion of the <em>
     * properties of a class</em>. This can be useful in presenting an ontology
     * class in a user interface, for example by automatically constructing a
     * form to instantiate instances of the class. The properties in the frame-like
     * view of the class are determined by comparing the domain of properties in
     * this class's {@link OntModel} with the class itself.  See:
     * <a href="/documentation/notes/rdf-frames.html">Presenting RDF as frames</a>
     * for more details.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Note that many cases of determining whether a
     * property is associated with a class depends on RDFS or OWL reasoning.
     * This method may therefore return complete results only in models that
     * have an attached reasoner.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param direct If <code>true</code>, restrict the properties returned to those directly
     * associated with this class. If <code>false</code>, the properties of super-classes of
     * this class will not be listed among the declared properties of this class.
     * @return An iteration of the properties that are associated with this class
     * by their domain.
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<OntProperty> listDeclaredProperties( boolean direct );


    /**
     * <p>Return an iteration of the properties associated with a frame-like
     * view of this class. This captures an informal notion of the <em>properties
     * of a class</em>, by looking at the domains of the properties in this
     * class's model, and matching them to this class. A full description of
     * the frame-like view of a class may be found in:
     * <a href="/documentation/notes/rdf-frames.html">RDF frames how-to</a>
     * for full details.<p>
     * Note that many cases of determining whether a
     * property is associated with a class depends on RDFS or OWL reasoning.
     * This method may therefore return complete results only in models that
     * have an attached reasoner.
     * See the
     * @return An iteration of the properties that are associated with this class
     * by their domain.
     */
    public boolean hasDeclaredProperty( Property p, boolean direct );


    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over the individuals in the model that have this
     * class among their types. Equivalent to {@link #listInstances(boolean)}
     * with an argument <code>false</code>.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return An iterator over those instances that have this class as one of
     *         the classes to which they belong
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<? extends OntResource> listInstances();


    /**
     * <p>Answer an iterator over the individuals in the model that have this
     * class among their types, optionally excluding sub-classes of this class.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param  direct If true, only direct instances are counted (i.e. not instances
     * of sub-classes of this class)
     * @return An iterator over those instances that have this class as one of
     *         the classes to which they belong
     */
    public ExtendedIterator<? extends OntResource> listInstances( boolean direct );


    /**
     * <p>Answer a new individual that has this class as its <code>rdf:type</code></p>
     * @return A new anonymous individual that is an instance of this class
     */
    public Individual createIndividual();


    /**
     * <p>Answer a new individual that has this class as its <code>rdf:type</code></p>
     * @param uri The URI of the new individual
     * @return A new named individual that is an instance of this class
     */
    public Individual createIndividual( String uri );


    /**
     * <p>Remove the given individual from the set of instances that are members of
     * this class. This is effectively equivalent to the {@link Individual#removeOntClass} method,
     * but invoked via the class resource rather than via the individual resource.</p>
     * @param individual A resource denoting an individual that is no longer to be a member
     * of this class
     */
    public void dropIndividual( Resource individual );


    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is one of the roots of the local class hierarchy.
     * This will be true if either (i) this class has <code>owl:Thing</code>
     * as a direct super-class, or (ii) it has
     * no declared super-classes (including anonymous class expressions).</p>
     * @return True if this class is the root of the class hierarchy in the
     * model it is attached to
     */
    public boolean isHierarchyRoot();


    // access to facets

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as an enumerated class</p>
     * @return This class, but viewed as an EnumeratedClass facet
     * @exception ConversionException if the class cannot be converted to an enumerated class
     * given the language profile and the current state of the underlying model.
     */
    public EnumeratedClass asEnumeratedClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as a union class</p>
     * @return This class, but viewed as a UnionClass facet
     * @exception ConversionException if the class cannot be converted to a union class
     * given the language profile and the current state of the underlying model.
     */
    public UnionClass asUnionClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as an intersection class</p>
     * @return This class, but viewed as an IntersectionClass facet
     * @exception ConversionException if the class cannot be converted to an intersection class
     * given the language profile and the current state of the underlying model.
     */
    public IntersectionClass asIntersectionClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as a complement class</p>
     * @return This class, but viewed as a ComplementClass facet
     * @exception ConversionException if the class cannot be converted to a complement class
     * given the language profile and the current state of the underlying model.
     */
    public ComplementClass asComplementClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as a restriction class expression</p>
     * @return This class, but viewed as a Restriction facet
     * @exception ConversionException if the class cannot be converted to a restriction
     * given the language profile and the current state of the underlying model.
     */
    public Restriction asRestriction();

    // sub-type testing

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is an enumerated class expression</p>
     * @return True if this is an enumerated class expression
     */
    public boolean isEnumeratedClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is a union class expression</p>
     * @return True if this is a union class expression
     */
    public boolean isUnionClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is an intersection class expression</p>
     * @return True if this is an intersection class expression
     */
    public boolean isIntersectionClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is a complement class expression</p>
     * @return True if this is a complement class expression
     */
    public boolean isComplementClass();

    /**
     * <p>Answer true if this class is a property restriction</p>
     * @return True if this is a restriction
     */
    public boolean isRestriction();


    // conversion operations

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as an enumeration of the given individuals.</p>
     * @param individuals A list of the individuals that will comprise the permitted values of this
     * class converted to an enumeration
     * @return This ontology class, converted to an enumeration of the given individuals
     */
    public EnumeratedClass convertToEnumeratedClass( RDFList individuals );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as an intersection of the given classes.</p>
     * @param classes A list of the classes that will comprise the operands of the intersection
     * @return This ontology class, converted to an intersection of the given classes
     */
    public IntersectionClass convertToIntersectionClass( RDFList classes );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as a union of the given classes.</p>
     * @param classes A list of the classes that will comprise the operands of the union
     * @return This ontology class, converted to an union of the given classes
     */
    public UnionClass convertToUnionClass( RDFList classes );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as an complement of the given class.</p>
     * @param cls An ontology class that will be operand of the complement
     * @return This ontology class, converted to an complement of the given class
     */
    public ComplementClass convertToComplementClass( Resource cls );

    /**
     * <p>Answer a view of this class as an restriction on the given property.</p>
     * @param prop A property this is the subject of a property restriction class expression
     * @return This ontology class, converted to a restriction on the given property
     */
    public Restriction convertToRestriction( Property prop );


}
